The rise of Islamism in Bangladesh is a complex phenomenon with historical, political, and socio-economic roots. During the Pakistani era, the struggle for independence and the assertion of Bengali identity were intertwined with religious sentiments. After independence in 1971, Bangladesh adopted secularism as a state principle, but the influence of Islamic groups, particularly the Jamaat-e-Islami, grew steadily. They gained political power through alliances with successive governments and played a role in shaping education, law, and cultural policies. The emergence of Islamist militant groups in the 1990s and the targeting of secular and progressive activists, writers, and bloggers further intensified religious polarization and violence. Political opportunism, weak governance, and a lack of accountability also contributed to the rise of Islamism, posing challenges to the country's secular and democratic foundations.
