Raw material extraction and processing generate significant amounts of hazardous waste, often containing toxic chemicals and heavy metals. This waste can contaminate soil, water, and air, posing serious risks to human health and the environment. For example, mining operations produce large volumes of waste rock and tailings, which can contain harmful substances like arsenic, lead, and mercury. Similarly, the processing of fossil fuels releases toxic pollutants into the air and water. Improper disposal of these wastes can lead to soil and groundwater contamination, impacting nearby communities and ecosystems. The safe disposal and treatment of waste from raw materials are essential to minimize the risks associated with their extraction and use.
