Napoleon's relentless pursuit of power led him to clash with Prussia in 1806, resulting in a decisive victory at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt. Having conquered Prussia, he turned his attention to Russia, a formidable opponent with a vast territory. In 1812, Napoleon launched his ill-fated invasion of Russia, known as the French invasion of Russia. Initially successful, the French army advanced deep into Russian territory, capturing Moscow. However, the harsh Russian winter, supply shortages, and fierce resistance from the Russian army ultimately led to a disastrous retreat, marking a turning point in Napoleon's fortunes.
