The departure of the Roman legions from Britain in the early 5th century CE left a power vacuum that was quickly filled by rival warlords and petty kingdoms. The indigenous Britons, led by figures such as Vortigern and Ambrosius Aurelianus, struggled to maintain their independence against raids and invasions by Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. These conflicts, known collectively as the Anglo-Saxon Wars, would shape the political and cultural landscape of Britain for centuries to come, eventually leading to the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that would eventually unite to form the Kingdom of England.
