Landslides, the downslope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity, are a common occurrence in mountainous and hilly areas, particularly during heavy rainfall or seismic activity. Composed of rock, soil, and vegetation, landslides can range in size from small, localized movements to massive earthflows that reshape entire landscapes. The causes of landslides are complex and vary depending on local conditions, but contributing factors often include steep slopes, unstable soil or rock formations, water saturation, and deforestation. Landslides can pose significant hazards to human populations, causing damage to infrastructure, blocking roads and railways, and even leading to loss of life. Mitigation efforts, such as slope stabilization and early warning systems, are essential for reducing landslide risks and protecting vulnerable communities.
