Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome, was a British field marshal who served as Chief of the General Staff during the Second Boer War and World War I. He is best known for his role in the reconquest of Sudan and the subsequent establishment of the Anglo-Egyptian condominium, as well as his service as Secretary of State for War during the early years of World War I. Kitchener was a controversial figure, admired for his military achievements but criticized for his authoritarian style and lack of political acumen. He died in 1916 when the ship he was traveling on struck a German mine off the coast of Scotland.
