The Abbasid Caliphate, established in 750 CE, remains one of the most influential and long-standing Islamic empires in history. With the capital moved from Damascus to Baghdad, the Abbasids ushered in a golden age of Islamic civilization, marked by remarkable achievements in science, literature, and art. Their reign witnessed the flourishing of Baghdad as a center of learning and cultural exchange, with advancements in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. The caliphs, such as Harun al-Rashid, embraced a policy of openness and tolerance, fostering dialogue among scholars from diverse backgrounds. The Abbasids also made significant contributions to infrastructure, architecture, and governance, leaving a lasting legacy on the development of the Islamic world.
