The Abbasid Revolution, which unfolded from 747 to 750 CE, marked a pivotal turning point in Islamic history. It witnessed the downfall of the Umayyad dynasty, which had ruled the vast Islamic empire for nearly a century, and the rise of the Abbasid dynasty, ushering in a new era of political, social, and cultural transformation. The revolution was ignited by widespread discontent with the Umayyad rule, particularly among non-Arab Muslim communities, who felt marginalized and discriminated against. The Abbasids, led by Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah, rallied support from various factions, including Shi'ites, disaffected Umayyad governors, and non-Arab converts to Islam, forming a formidable opposition. Through a series of strategic military campaigns, the Abbasids swiftly overthrew the Umayyads, culminating in the Battle of the Zab in 750 CE, which sealed the Umayyad fate. The Abbasid Revolution paved the way for the establishment of Baghdad as the new capital of the Islamic empire, ushering in a golden age of scholarship, literature, and artistic achievements.
